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I. System Architecture

1. Text Description

The system adopts a three-layer architecture: Perception Layer, Control Layer, and Application Layer.

• Perception Layer
  • Flexible SBR Fabric Sensor: Embedded in seats or mattresses to collect signals such as posture, body movement, bed exit status, and respiration.
  • NTC Temperature Sensors: Arranged at multiple points on the heating pad surface for real‑time temperature monitoring.
  • Environmental Sensors (optional): Temperature, humidity, and light sensors for adaptive control.
• Control Layer
  • Signal Conditioning Circuit: Amplification, filtering, and analog‑to‑digital conversion.
  • Microcontroller Unit (MCU): Runs embedded algorithms to process sensor data, execute PID temperature control, and detect abnormal events.
  • Drive Circuit: MOSFET or relays to control the power supply to the graphene heating pad.
  • Communication Module: Wi‑Fi / Bluetooth / LoRa / 4G for uploading data to the cloud and receiving remote commands.
• Application Layer
  • Cloud IoT Platform: Device management, data storage, and rule engine (e.g., bed‑exit alarm, automatic heating).
  • Mobile App / Mini‑Program: Provides real‑time status, push notifications, and remote temperature adjustment for family members or caregivers.
  • Institution Management Dashboard: Centralized monitoring for multiple beds, energy consumption statistics, alarm logs, and report export.

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